Rev. William J. Callahan, S.J.

The Enneagram for Youth
Counselor's Manual
Loyola University Press, 1992, 156 pages

Type One: The Judge

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want to be morally right, to improve myself so that no one will be able to say that I am not good.

What is most important to me?

• It is important to me that people behave as they should.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me is that I become morally corrupt, a failure in my own eyes.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am a person with high principles -- logical and orderly.

Path of Peace: One (Judge) looks to Seven (Materialist)

When a One lowers its intensity, it acquires the joyful energy of a healthy Seven, the caring of a healthy Two, the empathy of a healthy Four, and the easygoing nature of a healthy Nine.

Path of Storms: One (Judge) looks to Four (Symbol Maker)

When a One becomes compulsive, it becomes jealous like the unhealthy Four, becomes the punishing "helper" like the unhealthy Two, indolent like an unhealthy Nine, and anxious like an unhealthy Seven.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, it is amazing how much energy you have when you are no longer tired by the anxiety of having to do everything perfectly.
• Yes, when you let others be who they are, you become a very loving person.
• Yes, accepting your own weaknesses makes you more understanding of others and able to accept the way they are.
• Yes, accepting yourself and the world as it is gives you the patience to do the things you need to do and to achieve what you can achieve.
• Yes, accepting yourself as being good enough brings you closer to others since being good enough for yourself is what counts.

Type Two: The Caretaker

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want to love and be loved, to be helpful, and to be appreciated for what I do.

What is most important to me?

• It is important to me that others see me as loving and helpful.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me would be to have to live with people who don't appreciate me or care about me.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am a warm, loving, and helpful person.

Path of Peace: Two (Caretaker) looks to Four (Symbol Maker)

When a Two accepts its own feelings and needs, it becomes genuinely perceptive and understanding of other people's feelings like a healthy Four, develops the self-awareness of a healthy Three, and the gentle assertiveness of a healthy Eight.

Path of Storms: Two (Caretaker) looks to Eight (Chief)

Not trusting its own natural goodness, an unhealthy Two becomes controlling and intrusive like an unhealthy Eight, becomes self-promoting like an unhealthy Three, lives in a world of self-pity like an unhealthy Four, and is filled with self-redemptive righteousness like an unhealthy One.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, sometimes we need to feel that no one appreciates what we do for them even though we know that unselfish helpfulness does not expect a return for generosity.
• Yes, it is true that before we can be genuine and honest with others we must be that way with ourselves, trusting that who we are is good enough for others.
• Yes, when we come to love ourselves and trust in our own goodness, we don't need to try to manipulate others to get them to depend on us.
• Yes, forgiveness is acceptance, not approval. Forgiveness binds us to others, and others to us, and it does so in a way that makes us all more self-confident and independent.
• Yes, when we are really loving we don't think about ourselves and how "good" we are. Our goodness shows itself when we stop trying to "wear" it.

Type Three: The Performer

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want to be noticed, to be admired for doing things well.

What is most important to me?

• It is important that others see me as being successful.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me is that I fail at something and other people find out.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am self-confident, competitive, attractive, a winner.

Path of Peace: Three (Performer) looks to Six (Defender)

A healthy Three accepts the burden of its innate goodness and assimilates into society, becoming committed to others like a healthy Six, becomes sensitive to others' feelings like a healthy Four, becomes cooperative like a healthy Nine, and selflessly generous lik a healthy Two.

Path of Storms: Three (Performer) looks to Nine (Peacemaker)

An unhealthy Three loses all sense of self like an unhealthy Nine, becomes elitist ethically -- exempting itself -- like an unhealthy Four, becomes cruel like an unhealthy Six, and develops the arrogant, manipulative selfishness of an unhealthy Two.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, true security is having good friends and to be loyal and honest with them, otherwise we get lonely and scared.
• Yes, when we "join the human race" and come to accept ourselves as ordinary human beings, we come to understand and appreciate how others feel.
• Yes, we feel much better about ourselves when we are honest with ourselves and others instead of taking shortcuts to success and pretending that we are different than we really are.
• Yes, being an honest and generous person feels much better than pretending and being selfish.
• Yes, you have great gifts and others will look up to you and try to imitate you, so it is very important that you see success as being a hardworking, caring, and honest person. This is what will make you a truly admirable person.

Type Four: The Symbol Maker

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want to be understood and to understand myself.

What is most important to me?

• It is important to me to find a meaning and a purpose in my life.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me is for people to think that there is something emotionally wrong with me.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am thoughtful, sincere, sensitive, and emotionally intense.

Path of Peace: Four (Symbol Maker) looks to One (Judge)

The Four, always struggling to understand itself, lets go of this effort, makes an act of faith in its goodness, and generates for itself moral principles to follow like a healthy One, reveals itself like a healthy Three, develops the other focus of healthy Two, and discovers the spontaneous creativity of a healthy Five.

Path of Storms: Four (Symbol Maker) looks to Two (Caretaker)

The Four, after whining attempts to find nurturing outside of itself, withdraws into itself for self-nurturing and develops the selfishness of the unhealthy Two, develops false self-presentations like an unhealthy Three, becomes envious like an unhealthy One, and feels the emptiness of the unhealthy Five.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, once you trust in your basic goodness, you free yourself from envy and the self-punishment impulse that is at the cause of shameful behavior. Once you accept your goodness it gives you great moral strength.
• Yes, the natural beauty of who you are expresses itself spontaneously once you trust that it is there.
• Yes, once we give up the yearning to be understood we become very understanding of other people's feelings and genuinely care for them. We understand who we are when we understand others. We care for ourselves when we care for others.
• Yes, you are a very creative person. Once you trust in your goodness and creativity it pours out of you when you look the other way.
• Yes, you have always been acceptable and lovable as you are. If there are people who can't see it, it's their loss and not your fault. Give to others the love and understanding that you want for yourself.

Type Five: The Watcher

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want to know, to understand everything around me.

What is most important to me?

• It is important to me that I see things clearly and correctly.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me is that my ideas be wrong, incorrect.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am very perceptive and a person who sees things more clearly than others.

Path of Peace: Five (Watcher) looks to Eight (Chief)

When a Five looks to Eight, it finds confidence in its intuition of the workings of the world and becomes connected to it, becomes creative like a healthy Four, beomes generous and energized like a healthy Seven, and relates warmly to others like a healthy Six.

Path of Storms: Five (Watcher) looks to Seven (Materialist)

A Five looking to Seven perceives a chaotic world, becomes hyperactive like an unhealthy Seven, enters a gloomy, empty world like an unhealthy Four, isolates itself from its feelings and from society and becomes arrogant like an unhealthy Eight, and frenetic like an unhealthy Six.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, the world of feelings is an okay place to be; you can think them through and then relate to other people confidently.
• Yes, when you get actively involved in the world, you discover that you have great intellectual and emotional resources.
• Yes, since you have discovered that the "emptiness" inside is actually filled with goodness, you are free to express yourself and to share what you have because you will not run out of this goodness.
• Yes, since you have all you need within yourself, you can open yourself to others in love.
• Yes, you don't have to have all the answers; just being able to see things as they really are is true wisdom.

Type Six: The Defender

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want to belong, to be safe in my own kind of friendly group.

What is most important to me?

• It is important to me that people be straight and fair with me.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me is that someone I trust betrays me.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am strong-minded, friendly, and cautious.

Path of Peace: Six (Defender) looks to Nine (Peacemaker)

When a Six makes the leap to trust in a Higher Power, it becomes peaceful like a healthy Nine, discovers its commonsense wisdom like a heatlhy Five, becomes expressive like a healthy Three, and is a self-starter like a healthy Seven.

Path of Storms: Six (Defender) looks to Three (Performer)

When a Six gives in to its anxieties it disconnects from loyalty to others and becomes heartless like an unhealthy Three, confused and indecisive like an unhealthy Five, self-defeating like an unhealthy Nine, and dependent like an unhealthy Seven.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, it is important that you consider the consequences of an action before you act and to take both the credit and the blame for what you do. It is the adult way.
• Yes, your wisdom makes itself known when you think about important things in a practical and responsible way.
• Yes, when you are truthful with yourself and others life is much less complicated and confusing.
• Yes, make your future happen by doing now what you need to do.

Type Seven: The Materialist

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want happiness, excitement, to discover, and to do new things.

What is most important to me?

• It is important to me to always have a plan for what happens next. I always have a plan for the future.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me would be to be bored and broke.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am friendly, fun-loving, and able to do well at whatever I choose to do.

Path of Peace: Seven (Materialist) looks to Five (Watcher)

Once a Seven slows down and appreciates here-and-now reality, it becomes reflective like a healthy Five, responsible like a healthy Six, forgiving like a healthy One, and self-confident like a healthy Eight.

Path of Storms: Seven (Materialist) looks to One (Judge)

When a Seven goes to One it becomes unforgiving and rigid like an unhealthy One, frenetic like an unhealthy Six, stingy like an unhealthy Five, and filled with the anger of an unhealthy Eight.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, when you slow down and become still inside you see things more clearly and appreciate them more.
• Yes, when you take the time to notice the goodness of the people who love you, and accept them as they are, you become a very loyal person.
• Yes, when you believe that you are good enough as you are, you are able to see the goodness of others.
• Yes, your loving nature comes out when you become appreciative and forgiving.
• Yes, life is satisfying once you slow down. Notice its goodness.

Type Eight: The Chief

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want to be in control, to lead, and to show that I am stronger than others.

What is most important to me?

• It is important to me that I be in control of what goes on around me.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me is that things around me get out of control.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am different, independent, decisive, and respected.

Path of Peace: Eight (Chief) looks to Two (Caretaker)

By genuine love for others, an Eight frees itself from self-concern and becomes a champion for others. It picks up the compassion of a healthy Two, the parental instincts of a healthy Nine, the perceptiveness of a healthy Five, and the spontaneous joy of a healthy Seven.

Path of Storms: Eight (Chief) looks to Five (Watcher)

An Eight becomes vengeful, like an unhealthy Five, when seeing itself as besieged, becomes socially disengaged like an unhealthy Nine, becomes selfishly manipulative like an unhealthy Two, and plunges into a world of selfish pleasure like an unhealthy Seven.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, you are a loving caring person. Once people trust you they will be loyal to you.
• Yes, the secret to getting along with others is to cooperate with them.
• Yes, people will not attack you if you notice their needs and fears and treat them in a friendly way.
• Yes, I'm sure that you realize that the pleasures of life are for sharing It's also important to realize that pleasures turn on you if you make a pig of yourself.

You are blessed with a lot of personal power. You can use this power for good or for harm. If you use it for good, the world will love and respect you. If you use it for harm, the world will turn on you, and you will be miserable. It's your choice.

Type Nine: The Peacemaker

Personality Identification

What do I want most?

• I want peacefulness, to keep things as they are (or as they were).

What is most important to me?

• It is important to me that everyone get along with each other.

What is the worst thing that could happen to me?

• The worst thing that could happen to me is to have to say "no" to someone and have that person get angry at me.

How do I see myself (on a good day)?

• I am a person who is friendly and easygoing, but I can be very stubborn sometimes.

Path of Peace: Nine (Peacemaker) looks to Three (Performer)

When a Nine comes to believe in its self-worth, it develops the freedom of expression and assertiveness of a healthy Three, the priniples of a healthy One, the responsibility of a healthy Six, and the self-confidence of a healthy Eight.

Path of Storms: Nine (Peacemaker) looks to Six (Defender)

When a Nine retreats from the demanding world, it develops the panicky cowardice of an unhealthy Six, it fears failure like an unhealthy Three, becomes rigid like an unhealthy One, and turns angry like an unhealthy Eight.

A Counseling Approach

• Yes, once you assert your own individuality and do what you need to do for yourself, you become a successful person.
• Yes, once you decide to determine your own life you come to realize that everyone must do this, and you no longer need to feel guilty about insisting that others take care of themselves.
• Yes, although you sometimes feel scared and confused, when you go ahead and make those hard, important decisions that you need to make, life gets easier, Making timely decisions and sticking to them will make you stronger than you can imagine.
• Yes, it is great to be able to stand tall and strong on your own. What other people do or don't do no longer bothers you.
• Yes, you are somebody worthwhile. You always were.